The distribution of humanity from Africa to the world
Throughout human history, geographical, climatic, and social factors have caused people to migrate and settle in different regions around the world. Humans have migrated to different places due to reasons such as natural disasters, insufficient food, conflicts, and migrations during the course of evolution. When people's settlement areas and migration patterns are investigated, many places and events that play an important role in understanding human history stand out.
The dispersal of the first humans from Africa to the world is one of the most important events in human history. Approximately 200,000 years ago, modern humans (Homo sapiens) appeared in Africa and about 70,000 years ago, they spread to other continents. This spread is supported by genetic and archaeological evidence.
Humans first spread to Asia and settled there. About 60,000 years ago, the first humans arrived in Australia from Asia and lived in isolation for about 50,000 years. In addition, early human groups also settled in Siberia and Europe.
Around 12,000 BC, humans discovered agriculture in the Middle East, leading to people living in more densely populated areas and their communities growing. This also led to more migration and settlement of humans in Europe and Asia.
Furthermore, humans also migrated from Africa to America. It is believed that the first Americans crossed from Asia to America via Alaska approximately 15,000 years ago. The first humans to settle in America were the ancestors of the indigenous peoples living in South America.
Finally, human settlements were also seen in Eurasia and the Pacific Ocean islands. People who migrated by sea, particularly to the Polynesian Islands approximately 3,000 years ago, established permanent settlements there.